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   ____  _   _
  |  _ \| |_| |__
  | |_) | __| '_ \                    ``Only those who attempt
  |  __/| |_| | | |                     the absurd can achieve
  |_|    \__|_| |_|                     the impossible.''

  GNU Pth - The GNU Portable Threads
  Version 2.0

  Pth is a very portable POSIX/ANSI-C based library for Unix platforms
  which provides non-preemptive priority-based scheduling for multiple
  threads of execution (aka "multi-threading") inside event-driven
  applications. All threads run in the same address space of the server
  application, but each thread has its own individual program-counter,
  run-time stack, signal mask and errno variable.

  The thread scheduling itself is done in a cooperative way, i.e., the
  threads are managed and dispatched by a priority- and event-driven
  non-preemptive scheduler. The intention is that this way both better
  portability and run-time performance is achieved than with preemptive
  scheduling. The event facility allows threads to wait until various
  types of internal and external events occur, including pending I/O on
  file descriptors, asynchronous signals, elapsed timers, pending I/O
  on message ports, thread and process termination, and even results of
  customized callback functions.

  Pth also provides an optional emulation API for POSIX.1c threads
  ("Pthreads") which can be used for backward compatibility to existing
  multi-threaded applications.

  NEW IN PTH 2.0

  Pth 2.0 provides more strict POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3 compliant wrapper
  functions in its high-level I/O API. Most notable, the implementations
  of pth_poll(3) and pth_select(3) were completely worked off in order
  to achieve POSIX semantics. A Pth variant of the new POSIX pselect(2)
  function was introduced, too.

  Pth now has support for arbitrary (usually higher than the default)
  FD_SETSIZE values to support larger-scale server applications.

  A new environment attribute PTH_ATTR_DISPATCHES allows the application
  to query the total number of machine context dispatches Pth performed
  since the last attribute reset.

  Pth's internal machine context implementation is now exported in a
  sub-API pth_uctx in order to allow applications to use raw user-space
  context switching. This can be used to implement co-routines,
  exception handling or even an alternative multi-threading environment
  with the help of Pth.

  The "hard syscall mapping" functionality was completely rewritten
  from scratch. Previously, the internal system call exit points were
  based on syscall(2) only. This was problematic because it by-passed
  the C library glue code which often performs necessary glue code in
  order to call the code in the kernel correctly. Now the internal exit
  points are based on a by-system-call dynamically selected combination
  of RTLD_NEXT+dlsym(2), dlopen(2)+dlsym(2) and the known syscall(2) (in
  this fallback order). This way the "hard syscall mapping" became a lot
  more portable and flexible.

  Optional support for OSSP ex based exception handling was added which
  allows ISO C applications to use fully multi-threading aware ISO C++
  style exception handling.

  Finally, the Pth build environment was upgraded to be now based on GNU
  autoconf 2.57, GNU shtool 1.6.2 and GNU libtool 1.4.3.

  MORE INFORMATION

  More details about Pth can be found at the following locations from
  the GNU and OSSP projects:

  o GNU:  http://www.gnu.org/software/pth/
  o GNU:   ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/pth/
  o OSSP: http://www.ossp.org/pkg/lib/pth/
  o OSSP:  ftp://ftp.ossp.org/pkg/lib/pth/

                                       Ralf S. Engelschall
                                       rse@engelschall.com
                                       www.engelschall.com

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